Sida Saxda ah ee loo Doorto Ilaaliyaha Kororka (SPDs).

Immisa qaybood ayaa loo qaybin karaa ilaaliyayaasha qulqulka?

Nooca 1aad (Nooca Beddelka Danabka)

• Shaqada:
  Waxaa ugu horreyn loo isticmaalaa in lagu sii daayo hirarka waaweyn (10/350μs qaab-dhismeedka hirarka) oo ka yimaada hillaaca tooska ah ama kuwa la kiciyo.
  Caadi ahaan waxaa lagu dabaqaa albaabka qaybinta korontada ee ugu weyn ee dhismayaasha (aagga kala-guurka laga bilaabo LPZ0 ilaa LPZ1).
• Mabda'a Shaqada:

Impedance sare oo xaalad caadi ah: 

Marka aysan jirin koror, SPD waxay ku sii jirtaa xaalad aan caadi ahayn, iyada oo aan saameyn ku yeelanayn wareegga.
Impact-ka hooseeya marka la kicinayo:

Marka danab kor u kaca uu ka gudbo heerka (tusaale ahaan, 4kV), tuubada gudaha ee sii daynta gaaska (GDT) ama farqiga dhimbiiluhu wuu jabaa, taasoo samaysa waddo aan is-hortaag lahayn si ay isla markiiba u sii dayso durdurrada tobanaan kA ah.
Deminta dambe ee dambe: Ka dib marka qulqulka uu baaba'o, GDT waxay dib ugu soo celisaa xaalad is-celin sare leh iyada oo loo marayo soo kabashadeeda.

• Qaybaha Muhiimka ah:

Tuubada Gaaska ee Soo Saarista (GDT):Waxay ku shaqeysaa iyada oo loo marayo ionization-ka gaaska aan firfircoonayn.
Farqiga Dhirta:Waxay sii deysaa iyada oo hawada jabtay, iyadoo leh awood maareyn oo xooggan (waxay ka badnaan kartaa 100kA).

Nooca 2 (Nooca Xaddidaadda Danabka)

• Shaqada:

Waxay ka ilaalisaa hillaaca la kiciyo iyo beddelka voltages-ka xad-dhaafka ah (qaab-dhismeedka hirarka 8/20μs).

Loo isticmaalo guddiyada qaybinta.

• Mabda'a Shaqada:

Astaamaha impedance-ka aan tooska ahayn: 

Marka danabku kor u kaco, iska caabinta varistor-ka gudaha (MOV) ayaa si xoog leh hoos ugu dhacda, taasoo danabku ku adkeynaysa heer ammaan ah (tusaale ahaan, Kor u kaca ≤ 1.5kV).

Sii dayn joogto ah: 

MOV-ku wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u sii deyn karaa durdurro dhexdhexaad ah (20-40kA), laakiin durdurrada sare waxay hoos u dhigi karaan waxqabadkiisa.

• Qaybta Muhiimka ah:

Birta Oxide Varistor (MOV):Waxay ka kooban tahay walxo zinc oxide (ZnO), oo ah qalab semiconductor ah oo xasaasi u ah danab.

Nooca 3aad (Ilaalinta Isku-dhafan ama Ilaalinta Fiican)

• Shaqada

Jawaab degdeg ah:Wuxuu adeegsadaa diode-yada TVS ama isku-darka MOV+TVS oo leh waqti jawaab celin ah ≤1ns.

Danab aad u hooseeya oo isku xidha (tusaale ahaan, Kor u kaca ≤ 0.8kV), hubinta badbaadada qalabka xasaasiga ah.

Qaybta asaasiga ah:

Diode-ka Xakamaynta Danabka Ku-meel-gaarka ah (TVS):Waxay ka faa'iidaysataa saameynta barafka isgoyska PN si ay si dhakhso leh uga jawaabto laakiin waxay leedahay awood xaddidan oo maaraynta hadda (

Doorashada qalabka ilaalinta degdegga ah (SPD) ee saxda ah waa muhiim. Sidee ayaad mid ugu dooran kartaa xaalado kala duwan?

1.Qeex Shuruudaha Ilaalinta

1.1 Aqoonso Ilaha Kororka

Hillaac toos ah (tusaale ahaan, dhismaha oo ku dhacay):  Waxay u baahan tahay nooca 1aad ee SPD (10/350μs qaab-dhismeedka hirarka).

Danab la kiciyey ama beddelista danabyada xad-dhaafka ah (tusaale ahaan, isbeddellada shabakadda, bilaabista/xiridda qalabka): Waxay u baahan tahay Nooca 2 ama Nooca 3 SPD (8/20μs qaab-dhismeedka hirarka).

1.2 Go'aaminta Aagagga Ilaalinta (LPZ)

LPZ0 → Aagga LPZ1 (tusaale ahaan, qaadashada tamarta ugu weyn):

 Nooca 1 ama Nooca 1+2 ee isku-dhafka ah ee SPD.

LPZ1 → Aagga LPZ2 (tusaale ahaan, guddiga qaybinta dabaqa):

Nooca 2aad ee SPD.

LPZ2 → Aagga LPZ3 (tusaale ahaan, qalabka hore):

Nooca 3aad ama SPD sax ah.

2.Xulashada Halbeegga Muhiimka ah

2.1Danabka Hawlgalka Joogtada ah ee Ugu Badan (Uc)

2.1.1 Waa inuu ka sarreeyaa danabka lagu qiimeeyay nidaamka (tusaale ahaan, nidaamka 385V, dooro Uc ≥ 385V).

2.2.2 Xisaabinta isbeddellada shabaqyada (±10~20%).

2.2Heerka Ilaalinta Danabka (Kor)

2.2.1 Hoos u dhigista korontada waxay bixisaa ilaalin wanaagsan laakiin waa inay la mid noqotaa danabka iska caabbinta qalabka la ilaaliyo.

2.2.2 Xeerka Guud: Kor u kaca ≤ 80% danabka u adkeysiga qalabka (tusaale ahaan, haddii qalabku uu xamili karo 2.5kV, dooro Kor u kaca ≤ 2.0kV).

2.3 Awoodda Maareynta Hadda (In / Imax)

• Nooca 1aad: ≥ 12.5kA (qaab-dhismeedka hirarka 10/350μs).
• Nooca 2: Guddi qaybineed oo weyn: Imax ≥ 40kA (8/20μs).

Guddi-qaybin-hoosaad: Imax ≥ 20kA (8/20μs).

• Nooca 3aad: Ku jirta ≥ 5kA (hirarka isku-dhafka ah).

2.4 Waqtiga Jawaabta

SPD-yada caadiga ah: ≤25ns.

Qalabka saxda ah, dooro ikhtiyaarro dhaqso badan (tusaale ahaan, diode-yada TVS, ≤1ns).

3.Xulashada iyadoo loo eegayo Muuqaalka Codsiga

3.1Nidaamyada Bixinta Korontada

3.1.1 Guddi Qaybineed oo Muhiim ah: Nooca 1+2 ee isku-dhafka ah ee SPD (tusaale ahaan, Imax = 100kA, Kor ≤ 2.5kV).

3.1.2 Guddi Qaybin Hoose: Nooca 2aad ee SPD (tusaale ahaan, Imax = 40kA, Kor ≤ 1.8kV).

3.1.3 Dhammaadka Qalabka: Nooca 3aad ama SPD-ga lagu rakibay godka (tusaale ahaan, Kor ≤ 1.2kV).

3.2 Khadadka Calaamadda/Isgaarsiinta

3.2.1 Isticmaal SPD-yada calaamadda u gaarka ah, noocyada isku-xirka ee isku midka ah (tusaale ahaan, RJ45, RS485).

Fiiro gaar ah u yeelo heerka gudbinta iyo khasaaraha gelinta (haddii aad isticmaaleyso shabakad Gigabit ah, dooro qaab la jaan qaadi kara soo noqnoqoshada sare)

3.3 Nidaamyada PV/DC

Xullo DC SPDs oo leh Uc ≥ 1.2 × danab ugu badan nidaamka.